{"id":29902,"date":"2024-12-20T12:12:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T12:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/glossario-de-yoga-os-termos-que-precisas-de-conhecer-antes-de-comecar\/"},"modified":"2026-07-16T19:51:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T18:51:24","slug":"yoga-glossary-terms-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/en\/yoga-glossary-terms-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Yoga Glossary: The Terms You Need to Know Before You Start"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400&family=Bebas+Neue&display=swap');:root{--by-green:#2d3a2e;--by-terra:#C4614A;--by-sage:#caddc0;--by-cream:#faf8f5;--by-taupe:#8f7d71;--by-dark:#2c2422;--by-body-txt:#66615c;--by-faq-lbl:#7a8c7e;--by-terra-light:rgba(196,97,74,0.08);--by-sage-light:rgba(202,221,192,0.25);}.by-article{font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;color:var(--by-body-txt);max-width:860px;margin:0 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h3{font-size:21px;}.by-stat-num{font-size:36px;}}<\/style>\n<article class=\"by-article\">\n<div class=\"by-hero by-photo-hero\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(rgba(20,18,15,0.38),rgba(20,18,15,0.68)),url('https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/545A6524-2-scaled.jpg') center\/cover no-repeat\">\n<div class=\"by-photo-inner\">\n    <span class=\"by-hero-label\">Blog \u00b7 Philosophy &amp; Practice<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><em>Yoga<\/em> Glossary: the terms you need to know<\/h1>\n<p>    <span class=\"by-hero-intro\">If you&#8217;ve ever felt lost in a class when the teacher said &#8220;Adho Mukha Svanasana&#8221;, this guide is for you. The most common <em>Yoga<\/em> terms, explained clearly and directly.<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"by-hero-meta\">BeYoga School &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 18 April 2026<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-body\">\n<p><em>Yoga<\/em> has a vocabulary of its own, mostly in <strong>Sanskrit<\/strong>, the classical Indian language in which the original <em>Yoga<\/em> texts were written. When you start practising, these terms can seem intimidating. In time, they become a natural part of the practice and open a door to a deeper understanding of what you&#8217;re doing, and why.<\/p>\n<p>This glossary gathers the <strong>most common terms used in <em>Yoga<\/em> classes and trainings<\/strong>, organised by area, so you can refer to it whenever you need.<\/p>\n<h2>Why use Sanskrit terms in <em>Yoga<\/em>?<\/h2>\n<p>Sanskrit is the language in which Patanjali&#8217;s <em>Yoga Sutras<\/em>, the <em>Bhagavad Gita<\/em> and the <em>Hatha Yoga Pradipika<\/em> were written \u2014 the classical texts that underpin the practice of <em>Yoga<\/em>. Many teachers and schools keep the original terms out of <strong>respect for the tradition and to ensure consistency across countries and styles<\/strong>. A &#8220;Trikonasana&#8221; is the same in Lisbon, London or Mumbai.<\/p>\n<p>That said, you don&#8217;t need to speak Sanskrit to practise <em>Yoga<\/em>. You can have a deep, transformative practice without mastering a single term. What these terms offer you is an <strong>additional layer of understanding<\/strong>, and a connection to the historical and philosophical root of the practice.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"by-img-full\" src=\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/carla-professora.jpg\" alt=\"BeYoga School yoga teacher in a class in Lisbon\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"by-img-caption\">BeYoga training class, Lisbon, 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-body\">\n<span class=\"by-section-label\">Postures<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Asanas \u2014 <em>Yoga<\/em> Postures<\/h2>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-section\">\n  <span class=\"by-gloss-section-title\">Most common postures in class<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Asana<\/h3>\n<p>A physical <em>Yoga<\/em> posture. It&#8217;s the third of the eight limbs of <em>Yoga<\/em> according to Patanjali. The aim of an <em>asana<\/em> goes beyond the physical: to create stability and comfort in the body so that the mind can settle.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Adho Mukha Svanasana<\/h3>\n<p>Downward-Facing Dog. One of the most recognisable postures: the body in an inverted V, feet and hands on the floor, hips lifted. It&#8217;s at once a posture of strength, flexibility and rest.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Savasana<\/h3>\n<p>Corpse Pose. The lying-down position at the end of each class, with the body completely still and relaxed. Considered by many teachers the most difficult posture, because it requires total letting go and full presence.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Vinyasa<\/h3>\n<p>A sequence of movements synchronised with the breath. In its strictest sense, it refers to the sequence Plank \u2192 Chaturanga \u2192 Upward-Facing Dog \u2192 Downward-Facing Dog. It&#8217;s also a dynamic style of <em>Yoga<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Trikonasana<\/h3>\n<p>Triangle Pose. One of the fundamental <em>Yoga<\/em> postures, working lateral extension of the torso, hip opening and balance.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-body\">\n<span class=\"by-section-label\">Breathing<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Pranayama \u2014 Breathing Techniques<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>Pranayama<\/em><\/strong> is the control and regulation of the breath. &#8220;Prana&#8221; means vital energy, and &#8220;ayama&#8221; means extension or control. It&#8217;s the fourth of the eight limbs of <em>Yoga<\/em> according to Patanjali and one of the most powerful practices for regulating the nervous system.<\/p>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-section\">\n  <span class=\"by-gloss-section-title\">Main breathing techniques<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Nadi Shodhana<\/h3>\n<p>Alternate-nostril breathing. It balances the two hemispheres of the brain and calms the nervous system. Excellent for moments of anxiety or before meditating.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Kapalabhati<\/h3>\n<p>Breath of fire. Short, forceful exhalations through the nose, with passive inhalations. It activates and energises the body, clears the lungs and warms up the practice.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Ujjayi<\/h3>\n<p>Victorious breath. Breathing through the nose with a slight constriction in the throat, producing a soft, continuous sound. It&#8217;s the base breath in many dynamic <em>Yoga<\/em> styles.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Bhramari<\/h3>\n<p>Bee breath. An exhalation with a soft humming sound, like a bee. Very calming, especially for anxiety and insomnia.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"by-img-full\" src=\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/diplomados2.jpg\" alt=\"Graduates of BeYoga School in Lisbon \u2014 a yoga teacher training cohort\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"by-img-caption\">BeYoga teacher training cohort, Lisbon, 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"by-body\">\n<span class=\"by-section-label\">Philosophy<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Philosophy and Ethics<\/h2>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-section\">\n  <span class=\"by-gloss-section-title\">Philosophical principles of Yoga<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Ahimsa<\/h3>\n<p>Non-violence. It&#8217;s the first of the <em>Yamas<\/em> (ethical principles of <em>Yoga<\/em>) and applies to actions, words and thoughts, towards yourself and others. In the context of physical practice, it means respecting your body&#8217;s limits without pushing beyond what is safe.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Satya<\/h3>\n<p>Truth. The second <em>Yama<\/em>, which invites us to be honest in all dimensions of life \u2014 with others, and above all with ourselves.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Karma<\/h3>\n<p>The law of cause and effect. The actions we take \u2014 physical, verbal or mental \u2014 generate consequences. It&#8217;s not a system of punishment and reward, but a natural law: what we sow, we reap.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Dharma<\/h3>\n<p>Life purpose, duty or right path. In the context of <em>Yoga<\/em>, it&#8217;s often explored as the mission or role each person has in the world.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-body\">\n<span class=\"by-section-label\">In class<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Terms used in class<\/h2>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-section\">\n  <span class=\"by-gloss-section-title\">Everyday vocabulary of the practice<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Namaste<\/h3>\n<p>A greeting used at the beginning and end of classes. It means roughly &#8220;the light in me recognises the light in you.&#8221; Accompanied by <em>Anjali Mudra<\/em>, palms together at the heart.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Drishti<\/h3>\n<p>The focal point of the gaze during practice. It helps maintain concentration and balance in the postures.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Mantra<\/h3>\n<p>A word or phrase repeated during meditation. The best-known mantra is &#8220;Om&#8221; (or &#8220;Aum&#8221;), considered the primordial sound of the universe.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Mudra<\/h3>\n<p>Symbolic gestures made with the hands or the body. <em>Anjali Mudra<\/em> (palms together at the heart) is the most common in Western classes.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Chakra<\/h3>\n<p>Energy centres in the body, according to Tantric philosophy. There are seven main <em>chakras<\/em>, aligned along the spine, each associated with specific emotional and physical qualities.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"by-gloss-term\">\n<h3>Yoga Nidra<\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Yogic sleep.&#8221; A state of consciousness between sleep and wakefulness, used for deep relaxation and guided meditation. Very effective for rest and emotional processing.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-quote\">\n<p>The vocabulary of <em>Yoga<\/em> isn&#8217;t a test to pass: it&#8217;s a <strong>language you learn through practice<\/strong>, calmly, at each person&#8217;s own pace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"by-divider\">\n<div class=\"by-faq-section\">\n  <span class=\"by-section-label\">Frequently asked questions<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>About <em>Yoga<\/em> terminology<\/h2>\n<div class=\"by-faq-list\">\n<details class=\"by-faq\">\n<summary class=\"by-faq-q\"><span>Do I have to learn Sanskrit to practise <em>Yoga<\/em>?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"by-faq-a\">\n<p>No. You can have a deep and meaningful practice without speaking a word of Sanskrit. However, knowing the main terms helps you understand the teacher&#8217;s instructions, follow classes in different countries and styles, and deepen your study of <em>Yoga<\/em> beyond the physical practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"by-faq\">\n<summary class=\"by-faq-q\"><span>Are <em>Yoga<\/em> terms the same across all styles?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"by-faq-a\">\n<p>The Sanskrit terms are shared across most styles, but each school has its own emphases. <strong>Ashtanga<\/strong> uses a fixed sequence with specific names; <strong>Iyengar<\/strong> is very precise in its alignment terminology; <strong>Kundalini<\/strong> has its own terminology tied to energy and the <em>chakras<\/em>. The essentials are common: the detail varies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"by-faq\">\n<summary class=\"by-faq-q\"><span>Do the BeYoga trainings teach philosophy and the meaning of the terms?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"by-faq-a\">\n<p>Yes. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/en\/200-hour-yoga-teacher-training\/\" style=\"color:var(--by-terra)\">BeYoga <em>Yoga<\/em> teacher trainings<\/a>, philosophy, Sanskrit and vocabulary are an integral part of the curriculum, alongside the physical practice. The aim is for trainees to understand <em>Yoga<\/em> fully and be able to convey it with depth and authenticity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"by-faq\">\n<summary class=\"by-faq-q\"><span>What is Om and why is it chanted at the start or end of classes?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"by-faq-a\">\n<p>&#8220;Om&#8221; (or &#8220;Aum&#8221;) is considered the primordial mantra, the sound that represents the fundamental vibration of the universe according to Vedic philosophy. Chanting it at the start or end of a class is a way to create cohesion in the group, mark the transition into the space of practice and connect the session to the <em>Yoga<\/em> tradition. It&#8217;s not mandatory and has no religious connotation. It&#8217;s a contemplative practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"by-faq\">\n<summary class=\"by-faq-q\"><span>What are the <em>Yamas<\/em> and the <em>Niyamas<\/em>?<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"by-faq-a\">\n<p>The <strong><em>Yamas<\/em><\/strong> are the ethical principles of <em>Yoga<\/em> in relation to the outer world (non-violence, truth, non-stealing, moderation, non-attachment). The <strong><em>Niyamas<\/em><\/strong> are the principles of personal discipline (cleanliness, contentment, disciplined effort, self-study, surrender). Together, they form the first two of Patanjali&#8217;s eight limbs of <em>Yoga<\/em>, the ethical foundation on which everything else rests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"by-cta\">\n  <span class=\"by-cta-label\">Deepen your <em>Yoga<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Want to go beyond the mat?<\/h2>\n<p>In the BeYoga teacher training, philosophy, Sanskrit and practice are explored with depth and real support, in Lisbon, Porto or online.<\/p>\n<div class=\"by-cta-btns\">\n    <a class=\"by-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/en\/200-hour-yoga-teacher-training\/\">View the 200H training<\/a><br \/>\n    <a class=\"by-btn-outline\" href=\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/en\/yoga-courses\/\">View all courses<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<style>details[open] summary.by-faq-q::after{content:\"\\2212\" !important;color:#C4614A !important;}<\/style>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyoga.pt\/?page_id=29902#article\",\"headline\":\"Yoga Glossary: the terms you need to know before you start\",\"description\":\"Discover the meaning of the most common Yoga terms used in classes and trainings. 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